Safety concerns are among the first considerations in the design and implementation of any curriculum. However, in the dynamic worlds of physical education and coaching, athletic injuries will inevitably arise, regardless of the proactive strategies in place. These situations will vary in nature, and the student's or athlete's risk of further…

In Part 1 of this series [see: EJ1044392], the concepts of hemorrhaging, shock, and controlling bleeding as they relate to athletic training and prehospital emergency care along with the use of tourniquets were presented for athletic training educators (ATEs) to teach the skill in the classroom. This article, Part 2 of advanced bleeding control,…

The purpose of this column is to provide athletic training educators (ATE) with evidence regarding the use of tourniquets in the prehospital setting as well as to be a resource on how to teach the management of external hemorrhage using tourniquets.

Injuries can occur anywhere and anytime in physical education. Physical educators should do all they can to prevent injuries from occurring and must be prepared for such an occurrence. Many physical educators have limited knowledge about how to respond to injury and emergency situations. The purpose of this article is to provide information for…

First-aid methods recommended for snakebites are included in Science textbooks in Brazil. Books published before 1996 provided misleading information in this respect and it is possible that such recommendations derived from North-American experiences conducted at the beginning of the 20th Century. The official evaluation of textbooks carried out…

This article describes a challenge wherein students will be asked to design a portable first aid kit that is normally carried in a recreational vehicle (RV), but can also be hand-carried or backpacked off road for distances of approximately 1-2 miles. This can be a very practical challenge for the students because it touches everyone. Everybody…

The athletic trainer must understand the physiological process involved in an acute injury and the appropriate steps to be taken in immediate care treatment. Local inflammatory reaction to soft tissue injury is important for the athletic trainer to understand, and it is of primary importance to minimize the intracellular and extracellular fluid…

Using spinal immobilization devices, handling victims of suspected spinal injuries in shallow or deep water or in backyard pools, rescue breathing, and administering CPR are discussed. (MT)

Suggestions are given for diagnosing and treating sport-related injuries to the eye: (1) hyphema; (2) abrasion of the cornea; (3) subconjunctival hemorrhage; (4) traumatic iritis; (5) lacerations of the eyelids and brows; (6) eyelid margin lacerations; (7) traumatic retinal detachment; (8) superficial foreign body; (9) traumatic cataracts and…

New prevention programs, rescue techniques, and treatment methods are helping to reduce the number and severity of diving accidents, the fourth leading cause of spinal cord injuries. (JD)

Brief information is presented about life-threatening traumatic injuries (blunt trauma and penetrating injury) which may occur in the classroom and on how teachers can respond before medical help arrives. Suggestions include evaluating the student's responsiveness, checking breathing ability and circulation, and keeping the situation as calm as…

This case study of an injury sustained by a 22-year old boxer who was knocked out in the ring demonstrates two aspects of medical care for boxers: the potential for cervical spine fracture and the importance of ringside emergency medical services. The injury, diagnosis, and treatment are discussed. (Author/JL)

Provides the following information about lightning, which is necessary for camp administrators and staff: (1) warning signs of lightning; (2) dangers of lightning; (3) types of lightning injuries; (4) prevention of lightning injury; and (5) helpful training tips. (KS)

This book was designed to provide the professional with a straightforward and complete resource for those factors that must be considered in the provision of safe units of instruction in the commonly taught sports and activities. Twenty-one chapters provide essential information, checklists, and outlines, as well as ways to ensure student safety.…

Indications, precautions, contraindications, and side effects of drugs most frequently used by athletic trainers in treating injuries are discussed: (1) aspirin; (2) arylalkanoic derivatives; (3) butazolidin and tandearil; (4) corticosteroids; (5) oral corticosteroids; (6) muscle relaxants; (7) analgesics; (8) cold medications; (9) antidiarrheal…