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Björkén-Nyberg, Cecilia – Journal of Historical Research in Music Education, 2019
In this article, Carl Czerny's "Letters to a Young Lady on the Art of Playing the Pianoforte" (1837) is studied as a machine manual within the cybernetic economy of James Watt's governor. It is argued that while the young pupil is encouraged to subject herself to a strict discipline of physical deportment at the piano, this activity is…
Descriptors: Aesthetics, Musical Instruments, Music Education, Metacognition