This article advocates for the application of comparative international approaches to preparing pre-service and in-service teachers for meeting the needs of refugee students. To start, the paper presents literature on refugees' varied educational experiences in their home countries and refugee camps as well as the processes through which they come…

Observes the activities and characteristics of Aboriginal children in an Aboriginal school and compares these to the culture shock and alienation experienced when they transfer to a mainstream school. Identifies five major stressors of culture shock as mechanical differences, communication, attitudes and beliefs, customs, and isolation. (MJP)