Much of the work in intercultural communication studies in the past decade, especially in the field of applied linguistics, has been devoted to "disinventing" the notion of culture. The problem with the word "culture" as it has been used in anthropology, sociology, and in everyday life, it has been pointed out, is that it is…

School systems across the world are facing a plethora of global changes that dictate rethinking instructional practices and professional leadership roles. School reformers are constantly facing the challenges dictated by the universal culture that exerts a huge power on learning and teaching, and leading. This article introduces a comprehensive…