General chemistry tests from the Examinations Institute of the Division of Chemical Education of the American Chemical Society have been analyzed to identify factors that may influence how individual test items perform. In this paper, issues of item order (position within a set of items that comprise a test) and answer order (position of correct…

The British Ability Scales (BAS), published in 1979 (after a national standardization on a representative sample of British children), were revised and republished in January 1983. The BAS is an individually administered cognitive test battery for children aged between 3 and 17 years. It has considerable breadth of test content and provides a…