The last several years have seen renewed debate over the role that race plays in higher education--a debate over "affirmative action." The report first considers "affirmative action" in its original sense: the "mandatory" race-conscious measures that the federal courts have imposed on "de jure" segregated…

The instability of the U.S. economy and its competitiveness in the global market has lead to increase request for investment in Higher Education programs. There exists a rising awareness among scholars of how inextricably education is tied to the strength of the economy, the well being of its populace, as well as the importance of a diversified…

This paper reviews State constitutions and State laws providing for race equity in education. Results of a comprehensive survey of constitutions and statutes reveal a substantial State commitment to the goal of education equity. Constitutional provisions in an overwhelming number of States mirror the requirements of the Federal equal protection…

Describes the disparate impact theory of discrimination, noting how its effect was recently on display in two high profile cases. Discusses the recent explosion of disparate impact lawsuits related to employment and education; examines why the disparate impact approach survives and thrives; explains the intent of disparate impact theory; and…

This report reviews the U.S. Department of Education's Women's Educational Equity Act (WEEA) Program. First authorized by Public Law 93-380, the Education Amendments of 1974, this program awards grants and contracts to eligible recipients for interventions to: (1) provide educational equity for women; (2) help educational institutions meet the…

This document details the Affirmative Action Plan in effect at Gallaudet College. Following a policy statement, chapter 2 indicated the affirmative action procedures followed in the areas of policy dissemination, administration and monitoring, reporting and evaluation, training and development programs, recruitment, promotion and selection,…

This volume presents nine papers read at a conference on affirmative action, sponsored by the Rockefeller Foundation and held at Columbia University in August 1982; a preface, summary paper, and list of participants are also included. Each paper addresses the issue of affirmative action within a different country and describes: (1) the policies…

The obligations of colleges and universities under existing laws prohibiting sex discrimination against employees and students are summarized. Principal federal sources of legal obligation regarding employees are the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Equal Pay Act of 1963, and…

This position paper argues that sex discrimination still exists in education although Title IX legislation in 1972 and other subsequent legislation prohibits sex discrimination in educational programs that receive federal funds. Greater awareness of gender issues is needed along with an understanding of strategies for change. The Fastback offers a…

The obligations of colleges and universities under existing laws prohibiting sex discrimination are discussed. Attention is directed to developments in the law relating to sex discrimination against employees and against students in colleges and universities, and practical and cost-efficient strategies for complying with the law. The pertinent…

This paper considers Indian affirmative action policies that provide reservations (quotas) in favor of two disadvantaged groups, the scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes. First, definitions and background are presented. The scheduled castes ("untouchables") are said to suffer from social segregation, and the scheduled tribes from…

Asserts that the United States has a long, sad history of discrimination against minority rights. Discusses the origins and history of minority inclusion or affirmative action programs. Includes a special report on the "English Only" movement. (CFR)

This paper provides an overview of Malaysia's affirmative action program, legally constituted as Malay Special Rights. An introduction defines the aim of the program as improving the economic position of Bumiputras, who consist of Malays and other indigenous communities. These, it is said, are Malaysia's most economically disadvantaged groups;…

After World War II, the newly federated Yugoslav government promised equality to the country's many different ethnic and religious groups. The 1974 Constitution guaranteed every citizen his or her free expression of belonging to a "nation" or "nationality," the free expression of his or her ethnic culture, and the freedom to…

This paper examines the federal and state constitutional and statutory issues that affect the capacity of governments to raise revenue for education and other children's services, including mandates and key legislation that limit revenues, expenditures, and borrowing. The paper is divided into three major sections: (1) legal issues affecting…