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Direct linkSmolucha, Larry; Smolucha, Francine – Early Child Development and Care, 2021
According to Lev S. Vygotsky (1896-1934), the highest levels of abstract thinking and self-regulation in preschool development are established in "pretend play using object substitutions." An extensive research literature supports Vygotsky's empirical model of the internalization of self-guiding speech (social speech > private speech…
Descriptors: Learning Theories, Early Childhood Education, Abstract Reasoning, Self Control
Murris, Karin – Ethics and Education, 2012
Practitioners of education in South Africa (SA) struggle painfully between the extremes of its authoritarian and deeply religious roots that prescribe blind obedience to people in authority and their elders, and the demands of open-mindedness, critical thinking and also solidarity required for democratic citizenship. A particular pedagogy was used…
Descriptors: Punishment, Foreign Countries, Ethical Instruction, Philosophy
