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Kowitz, Gerald T.; Smith, Jay C. – Performance and Instruction, 1985
Discusses varieties of feedback as a first step in understanding the dynamics of successful feedback practices and identifies common elements in the concepts of feedback and reinforcement for use in making management of the instructional encounter more effective. Instrumental feedback is discussed as a model for feedback among human beings. (MBR)
Descriptors: Definitions, Feedback, Interaction, Reinforcement
Grabinger, R. Scott – Performance and Instruction, 1988
This introductory article defines and delimits expert systems. The discussion covers the concepts of artificial intelligence, the components of an expert system, and the significance of expert systems when compared to more traditional decision making tools. (CLB)
Descriptors: Algorithms, Decision Making, Expert Systems, Heuristics
Chevalier, Roger – Performance and Instruction, 1994
Explains how to create an organizational system that will result in good performance. Topics discussed include process versus system; two views of a system, i.e., mechanistic and organic; and components of a system, including performance guides, measurement of results, feedback, and training. (LRW)
Descriptors: Evaluation Methods, Feedback, Organizational Theories, Performance Factors