Described are several approaches, used by park and recreation departments, to incorporating the use of computers for administrative purposes. Cost-cutting measures for program implementation and computer maintenance are also described. (CJ)

The effectiveness of using a computer to identify problems, allocate resources, and plan expansion in recreational programs is discussed. (JD)

Public agencies can benefit from cost savings in forestry services, park security, and maintenance when park and recreation departments contract out for services. Pros and cons of contracting out and guidelines for this process are offered. (DF)

The Morale, Welfare, and Recreation program is responsible for the training of personnel who administer, manage, and operate the military recreation system. These personnel must be familiar with both military and public recreation approaches. Army, Navy, and Air Force training programs are discussed. (DF)

Review of the research on at-risk youth and resilient youth (successful youth despite adverse family and environmental situations) focuses on environmental protective factors such as positive relationships and youth participation. Application to park and recreation systems suggests leisure systems can provide such positive factors as a caring…

A needs assessment program can help recreation managers recognize new and changing leisure interests and needs of the people they serve. This article reviews strategies that military services use in needs assessment programs. Issues encountered when conducting an assessment are discussed. (DF)

Intrinsic motivation is discussed as the main concern of evaluation of leisure and recreational programs. Two factors influencing leisure behavior are perceived freedom and perceived competence. Two types of intrinsic rewards are possible from leisure participation: rewards and those obtained from a change in environment. Evaluation should then…

A description is given of the organization and activities of a playgroup program for young children (ages one year through three years). (JD)

This article describes the community sailing program established by the Wilmette Park District, in suburban Chicago. This program, without losing money, provides affordable instruction and other services to beginning sailors of various ages. (IAH)

Parks and recreation departments (PARDs) can help alleviate societal problems associated with at-risk youths. To better position PARD programs for reducing risky behavior, there must be scientific evidence showing their impact on youths' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. The paper examines existing evaluation studies highlighting the positive…

Indoor recreational facilities in Fairfax County, Virginia, owe their success to (1) development of comprehensive plans, which take into account site location, community needs, area trends, and financing possibilities, and (2) use of continuous marketing strategies. The centers are self-supporting. Each offers a variety of recreation/sports…

Standards are suggested for urban parks and recreation agencies in serving ethnic minorities with limited financial resources. Goals involve (1) recognizing the value of recreation as a social service; (2) seeking feedback from clients; (3) confronting the harsh realities of impoverished neighborhoods; (4) making facilities accessible; and (5)…

American children are in poor physical shape. Contribution of the National Fitness Coalition and how recreation professional can help youth get and stay fit are explored. (DF)

A well-organized outdoor program, with emphasis on skill-building, group dynamics, and self-esteem development, can be designed for exceptional persons. This article presents some concepts basic to an outdoor program and offers practical solutions to situations planners may see as dilemmas. (CJ)

The benefits of wilderness camping for juvenile delinquents are explored. (JD)