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M. Garrett Delavan; Juan A. Freire; Ester de Jong – Modern Language Journal, 2025
This theoretical article, with recommendations for practice, interrogates how the field discusses dual language bilingual education (DLBE) models in the United States, with international implications for bilingual, immersion, and content and language integrated learning contexts. We reconceptualize the equity problems and potentials of so-called…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Equal Education, Decision Making, Immersion Programs

Lyster, Roy – Modern Language Journal, 1996
Describes weaknesses in the sociolinguistic competence of second-language (L2) learners as documented by research in immersion contexts. The article discusses findings with reference to adolescent native speakers' use of question forms, conditionals, and second-person pronouns across two levels of formality in written and oral productions. (48…
Descriptors: Communicative Competence (Languages), Foreign Countries, French, High School Students

Hammerly, Hector – Modern Language Journal, 1987
Reviews the results of six studies which indicated that the output of students involved in an immersion program was linguistically faulty, and suggests ways in which immersion programs can be made more effective and lead to greater linguistic competence as well as communicative competence in its students. (CB)
Descriptors: Classroom Communication, Communicative Competence (Languages), Discourse Analysis, Elementary Secondary Education