Traces the roots of social trap situations and describes a parasitism-symbiosis model, showing that when each organism attempts to maximize its survival potential without regard for the other's, neither does as well as when they behave collectively. Discusses a model social trap situation, "Prisoner's Dilemma" ("PD") and a…

Gives an overview of the development of multimedia, from the combination of film and computer graphics used during the 1960s to present day jet aircraft simulators. Definitions of multimedia, virtual reality, the use of compact disks to deliver digitally recorded information, and the economic need for the technology are discussed. (KRN)

This chapter considers the history of instructional development (ID) in the military, with particular emphasis on the U.S. Navy. The ID process used at the Navy's Instructional Program Development Centers is presented, including the process for simulator development. An in-depth analysis of the problems encountered with educational technology…

Recounts personal experiences in the design of simulations/gaming for city development and planning. Notes early games and describes the development of three land use and city growth games. Discusses revisions, conference demonstrations of the games, and collaborative efforts. (AEF)

Describes the origination of the journal, "Simulation & Games" as an outgrowth of the Academic Games Project at Johns Hopkins University in the late 1960s. The Project developed simulation games, pretested them, performed teacher training, and compared the effects with traditional pedagogy. Discusses the planning and implementation…

This personal narrative traces the background of instructional gaming from 1958 to 1995. The advantages and disadvantages of gaming as a disciplined activity are considered. The evolution of professional organizations, related academic activity, the game design process, and the need for consistent use of terms are addressed. Contains 57…

This paper establishes the roots of computers and automated teaching in the field of psychology and describes Dr. S. L. Pressey's presentation of the teaching machine; B. F. Skinner's teaching machine; Meyer's steps in composing a program for the automated teaching machine; IBM's beginning research on automated courses and the development of the…

Describes the use of simulations in teacher education from 1960 to 1979, which was audiovisually based, and from 1980 to the present, which is computer based. Examples of several simulation strategies are presented and evaluated, and factors that will shape future developments are discussed. (67 references) (CLB)

Focusing on the development of the United States Army's National Training Center (NTC) from conceptualization and initial implementation in 1981 to the end of the first phase of development in 1984, this monograph provides a documented historical analysis of how and why the landmark event in army training was launched and examines attendant policy…

Describes personal contributions made by the author in individualized instruction, including: Individually Prescribed Instruction (IPI), the Doctor of Arts program, and the development of educational videodiscs. Innovations in these areas are discussed: education for the handicapped, personal development education, industrial and military…

Traces the history of virtual reality (VR), or cyberspace, and describes some of the research and development efforts currently being carried out in the United Kingdom, Europe, and the United States. Applications of VR in interactive computer-aided design (CAD), the military, leisure activities, spaceflight, teleconferencing, and medicine are…