Artificial Intelligence (AI) based assessments are commonly used in a variety of settings including business, healthcare, policing, manufacturing, and education. In education, AI-based assessments undergird intelligent tutoring systems as well as many tools used to evaluate students and, in turn, guide learning and instruction. This chapter…

The learning sciences inherently involve interdisciplinary research with an overarching objective of advancing theories of learning and to inform the design and implementation of effective instructional methods and learning technologies. In these endeavors, learning sciences encompass diverse constructs, measures, processes, and outcomes…