This article combines statistical and applied research perspective showing problems that might arise when measurement error in multilevel compositional effects analysis is ignored. This article focuses on data where independent variables are constructed measures. Simulation studies are conducted evaluating methods that could overcome the…

Describes a study that investigated the relationship between student self-beliefs and science achievement using data from the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), and examined the generalizability of previous findings for students in a cross-cultural context. Results indicate self-beliefs were associated with higher science…