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Download full textVenessa F. Manna; Shuhong Li; Spiros Papageorgiou; Lixiong Gu – ETS Research Report Series, 2025
This technical manual describes the purpose and intended uses of the TOEFL iBT test, its target test-taker population, and relevant language use domains. The test design and scoring procedures are presented first, followed by a research agenda intended to support the interpretation and use of test scores. Given the updates to the test starting…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, English (Second Language), Language Tests, Test Construction
Papageorgiou, Spiros; Davis, Larry; Norris, John M.; Garcia Gomez, Pablo; Manna, Venessa F.; Monfils, Lora – Educational Testing Service, 2021
The "TOEFL® Essentials"™ test is a new English language proficiency test in the "TOEFL"® family of assessments. It measures foundational language skills and communication abilities in academic and general (daily life) contexts. The test covers the four language skills of reading, listening, writing, and speaking and is intended…
Descriptors: Language Tests, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Language Proficiency
Direct linkHirch, R. Roz – Language Assessment Quarterly, 2021
The following interview was conducted with Catherine Elder in spring of 2020, at the beginning of the pandemic. Cathie has had a varied career in language testing, including work at universities in Australia and New Zealand and at the Language Testing Resource Center in Melbourne. In this interview, Cathie shares some highlights of her somewhat…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Testing, Native Language Instruction, Second Language Instruction
Papageorgiou, Spiros; Manna, Venessa F. – Language Assessment Quarterly, 2021
The TOEFL iBT test was introduced in 2005 to better reflect the language demands of real-life academic tasks than did previous versions of the test. The task-based design of the test was intended to support the interpretation of its scores as a trustworthy measure of international students' ability to use English in an academic environment. Until…
Descriptors: Academic Language, COVID-19, Pandemics, Scores
Peer reviewedCumming, Alister – Assessing Writing, 2002
Contends that different ethical issues arise according to how the construct of writing is defined for assessment purposes. Explains that most formal assessments assume a pragmatic, functional definition of second-language writing in which an examinee's text production is judged normatively in respect to conventions. Discusses efforts to develop…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Ethics, Higher Education, Literary Devices
Strong, Gregory – Thought Currents in English Literature, 1995
This paper traces developments in educational psychology and measurement that led to the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) and the test of English for International Communication (TOEIC) and the application of educational measurement terms such as validity and reliability to testing. Use of a table of specifications for planning…
Descriptors: Cloze Procedure, Difficulty Level, English (Second Language), Foreign Countries
