With increasing reliance being placed on the results of their surveys, the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) recognized a need for these survey results to be valid and reliable. As part of the work of the Statistical Analysis Group in Education (SAGE), an effort was undertaken to investigate validity and reliability in survey research. This document is the result of that effort. The first section provides an overview of the concepts of reliability and validity. Procedures for measuring sources of error are suggested. Several ways of approaching validity are mentioned including content validity, criterion-related validity, and construct validity. The second section presents some suggestions for approving the reliability and validity of survey data, with a focus on the data collection phase. These suggestions are based upon previous data collection experiences of the staff of SAGE. The final section, encompassing 106 pages, provides an annotated bibliography of selected materials relevant to validity and reliability in survey research. (JAZ)