With approximately 310,000 Deaf Canadians, and another approximately 2.8 million hard-of-hearing Canadians, Deaf and hard-of-hearing people make up a significant portion of the Canadian population. This population is hard to quantify and describe due to its inherent diversity. Generally, the community is divided into those who follow an oral approach, and those who utilize a signed language, although even those divisions can be fluid depending on the individual. In this article, the author examines current literature on mental health within the Deaf and hard-of-hearing community, in order to identify the protective and risk factors for Deaf and hard-of-hearing children and youth. Current challenges and future opportunities to providing interventions to this community are discussed. The terms Deaf and hard-of-hearing are used to represent all children and youth with hearing loss, regardless of their communication mode or cultural identity. (Contains 1 note.)