According to Schilling, Blunk, and Hill, the set of papers presented in this journal issue had two main purposes: (1) to use an argument-based approach to evaluate the validity of the tests of mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT), and (2) to critically assess the author's version of an argument-based approach to validation (Kane, 2001, 2004).…

The specification of various categories of knowledge that teachers should possess has been a historically consistent feature of moves to professionalize school teaching and to argue for individual teachers' professional autonomy. In this article, I suggest that the ways in which subject knowledge has been treated in research-based recipes for…

Describes how kinesiology employs different methods for gaining knowledge and explains how epistemology can be used to organize introductory kinesiology courses or textbooks. The epistemologies used to organize subdisciplines are rationalism, empiricism, science, and subjectivism. An epistemic approach to a foundations course or textbook helps…

This article draws upon writings by social studies educators and historians to articulate a new approach to training history teachers. We argue that the divide between advocates of historical thinking and of historical content can be overcome through a better understanding of what it means to know history. By examining the nature of the historical…

Argues for a reconceptualization of teaching expertise based on psychological similarities of expert teachers to one another. The authors offer a prototype-based categorization model, drawn from psychological research, on which the family resemblance among expert teachers may be founded. The authors discuss several implications of the prototype…

Recommends reconceptualizing the knowledge base of English as a Second Language teacher education, arguing that its core must emphasize the activity of teaching itself, teachers who teach, contexts in which teaching occur, and pedagogy involved. The knowledge base must understand teachers as learners of teaching, social contexts of schools and…

Presents goals of National Commission on Teaching and America's Future to improve education by improving teachers' knowledge and skills: (1) all children taught by teachers with knowledge, skills, and commitment; (2) teacher education programs meeting professional standards; (3) access to professional development and time for collegial work and…

In the international context of concerns about standards in writing, this article addresses the role of grammar in the teaching of writing. It considers both current and historical perspectives on the teaching of grammar and offers a critique of research which attempts to determine the impact of grammar teaching on writing, but which does not…

Looks at "pedagogical knowing" as one facet of a larger conceptual framework that grounds a teacher's self-knowledge as a person and as a teacher. With the help of two middle school English teachers, the paper argues for a view of subject matter knowledge that is dynamic, relational, practice-oriented, and useful. (SM)

A statewide survey of 64 public school teachers of deaf students found that, consistent with earlier research, teachers had inadequate knowledge of American Sign Language (ASL) and the role that the deaf community plays in the education of deaf children. Recommendations for preservice/inservice teacher training in ASL and current issues, such as…

This paper, on the central and distinctive contribution of knowledge to teaching, combines philosophical analysis with a discussion of work in research on teaching, student conceptions, and curriculum. The hierarchical argument contains two main points: (1) that content knowledge is a logical precondition for the activities of teaching; and (2)…

In preparation for a conference held in Paris, France, in November 1994, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OEC) launched 5-year program that involved 20 countries studying the changing role of vocational and technical education and training (VOTEC). This background document presents in question-and-answer format a…

Educational research is distinctive inasmuch as it shares the moral objective of education, which is to help people make the best of themselves through processes of learning. Educational research is a service industry for education. As such, its contribution to the efficiency and effectiveness of educational processes can be increased by focusing…