The National Institute of Adult Continuing Education (NIACE) Adult Participation in Learning Survey 10 years ago showed that two-fifths of the adult population said that they had taken part in learning in the last three years. A decade later, the 2012 survey shows that little has changed--active participation in learning remains a minority…

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to introduce the key themes in the area of the impact of demographic change on young workers and older workers in relation to education, skills and employment, as discussed in the papers included in this section. The authors have also drawn upon data from their project "From Young Workers to Older…

This paper was presented to a meeting of the Wellington Exchange, an international group of higher education officials, in December 2008. One of the topics of the meeting was around the issue of possible skills shortages emerging as a result of demographic trends, with the ageing of the population of developed countries. The paper argues that this…

In this paper, the author critiques what he analyses as the misuse of statistics in arguments put forward by some Critical Race Theorists in Britain showing that "Race" "trumps" Class in terms of underachievement at 16+ exams in England and Wales. At a theoretical level, using Marxist work the author argues for a notion of…

Discusses employment of women in various countries, including policies, institutions, and plans. (JOW)

Proposed a theoretical framework suggesting that the more available women are and the better marketable skills they possess, coupled with expanded job opportunity and reasonable reward, the more female labor-force participation rates should increase. Reviews data from census reports in Hong Kong which were consistent with the proposed arguments.…

Discusses trends in the domestic economy and labor market in Japan as well as the status and developmental tasks ahead for career guidance. Describes government efforts to upgrade guidance services and train and certify counselors. (JOW)

The computer and new technologies are revolutionizing the hotel, catering, and tourism businesses. There is consensus that formal training for these changes falls short of new requirements and that schools are having difficulty keeping up. (JOW)

The paper analyzes trends in the first destinations of British university graduates since 1961-62. There has been a decline in the proportion of graduates entering education, research, and teacher training and a rise in numbers entering commerce. Industry and public service have experienced considerable fluctuation in attracting new graduates.…

Recently, high unemployment and a high perceived rate of technological change have created interest in work-sharing. Definitions of different types of work-sharing and theoretical and practical issues related to work-sharing are covered. Work-sharing is not necessarily a panacea, but it does show the potential to help. (Author/IS)

Discusses the importance of career education in the '80s. Outlines seven future scenarios for guidance, including changes in the delivery mode, infusing career education into the curriculum, the growth of cooperative education, computerization, remedial education for adults, elementary school guidance, and implications of unemployment. (BH)

In the globalized world economy three types of jobs are emerging: routine production, in-person service, and symbolic analysis. In Australia, routine production is still the largest category, females outnumber males in service, and only one in five are symbolic analysts, predominantly male. Vocational education and training must change focus and…

In contrast to other East Asian countries, in Papua New Guinea the economy is stagnating due to high labor costs, overvalued currency, stagnant productivity, high government consumption, and barriers to external and internal investment and exports. (SK)

Considers explanations for the small number of women school administrators in Canada based on an "Equity through Understanding" approach and on an "Understanding Discrimination" approach. Finds a more plausible explanation in the linking of three concepts: role discrimination, access discrimination, and treatment…

Examines economic trends of digitization, downsizing, globalization, and privatization and their relationship to virtual education. Urges educators to consider social and cultural values and the contrast between the social-bonding model of communication underlying the public culture of education and the transmission model underlying the culture of…