Would projections about adult education look different if they were made by people from multiple countries, backgrounds, and perspectives? The author believes that no matter how much global knowledge one has, interpretations and projections would be different and would be influenced by those aspects already mentioned. Trying to think globally as…

Being culturally sensitive to African American clients dictates that therapists understand the bond among blacks of various social-ecological backgrounds. Discusses some of the fundamental distinctions between African Americans and black West Indian clients, including differences in familial relationships, nuances of language usage, and the…

Questions Richard Rodriguez' position that linguistic assimilation for minorities is like alchemy, creating something new and greater than what was. Concludes that it is better for teachers to teach students to use the conventions of standard discourse without accepting the ideology of those for whom the standard dialect is the language of…

After describing the moral development "stage" theories of Piaget and, particularly, Kohlberg, the authors critique assertions that such stages are universal and sequential. Using findings from anthropology and other disciplines, they demonstrate that morality is culture-specific and that one person can simultaneously demonstrate…

Reacts to C. H. Patterson's article (this issue) concerning multicultural counseling. Suggestion that all counseling is generic in nature contributes to the retardation of the developmental process of culturally diverse persons. Supports the notion that cultural competence is imperative in resolving the challenge of counseling with members of…

Reacts to C. H. Patterson's article (this issue) concerning multicultural counseling. Asserts that there are problems with historical concepts of counseling, the definition of culture, and the practice of counseling in multicultural settings. A cultural-centered approach to counseling recognizes that the client has internalized patterns of…

This paper examines universalism and particularism in the context of following traffic rules and cross-cultural communication in Taiwanese and U.S. adults. A universalist culture such as the United States emphasizes rules; the particularist culture of Taiwan emphasizes relationships. Universalists follow the rules no matter what; particularists…

Considers Lloyd's position regarding multicultural counseling as not taking into account the need for education to overcome faulty stereotypes, nor the role of the counselor's self-knowledge in multicultural counseling. Many respected counselors see a need for counselors to broaden their perceptual fields and to relate interpersonally across…

The author states his previous article stressed his perception of an increasing tendency to place generalized cultural information in an excessively dominant role in counseling. Respondent Ivey affirmed the need for the dominant role; Hood and Arcenaux, Lloyd felt, were simplistic in interpreting multicultural information as cultural truths; and…

Stresses the need to understand respective children's personalities, learning styles, preferences, special abilities, and family heritage--including culture, language, values, members, and history. With increasing numbers of diverse families served by early-care and education programs, encourages those involved in the care and education of young…

Suggests that homes and educational settings must become true celebrations of options and choice that allow children to appreciate the beauty of individual styles, especially their own. This helps children not just to tolerate diverse thoughts and styles but to value them as vital elements in a free society. (TJQ)

Argues that the individualistic-collectivistic dichotomy results in mislabeling both cultures and individuals. Discusses ways in which individualistic concerns with independence and collectivistic concerns with interdependence coexist in Western and non-Western cultures. Outlines a theoretical framework explaining the coexistence of diverse social…

A literature review describes several dimensions of cognitive styles in an effort to illustrate individual stylistic differences. Discusses the field dependence-independence dimension, taking into account age, sex, and cultural differences. Suggests that cognitive style theory needs to be structured in a broader theoretical framework. (NH)

Differs with Lloyd's point of view that multicultural information is detrimental to counseling relationships, while acknowledging the need to focus on the individual. Maintains that empathy for the individual is not enough in a multicultural society. Makes a case for quelling ignorance and false information and stereotypes, and promoting counselor…

Explores the ways in which foreign students differ from their American counterparts, and how these differences may affect the foreign students in a tutorial or one-to-one conference. (AEA)