Urban schools in America seek solutions to problems caused by outside elements. Instead, the focus should be on basic dilemmas and detriments within the schools. Twelve internal changes could occur immediately in all American urban schools to bring improved choices, research, and leadership to administration and faculty. (SB)

Applies the basic principle of performance to taking tests, poses some alternative views of test performance, and provides some general guidelines that will facilitate improved test-taking. (Author/CM)

Describing problems of the field component of a teacher education program, this article discusses: poor supervising teacher role models; inferior school programs; schools that only use college students for clerical aides; college interference in and domination of local school curriculum; and additional expense and management problems for colleges…

Examines and criticizes current short-range strategies that teachers use to solve classroom concerns. Describes a form of action research based on experience in teacher education and suggests its use by superintendents, principals, and teachers to yield long-range answers to classroom problems. (SB)

Presents model aimed at resolution of discrepancies between group objectives and individual behavior under certain conditions using step-by-step analysis based on game theory. May be applied by administrators or managers to educational, industrial, or bureaucratic situations where these "people problems" are present. (NEC)

Because assessment of creative potential is important in the selection of leaders, it is recommended that the critical activities of any occupational assignment should be examined in connection with the whole range of abilities of the structure-of-intellect model. (CM)

The mentally retarded child usually has a significant effect on his/her family, particularly on siblings, who need classes to learn how to cope with their situation and to share their feelings so positive attitudes can be fostered. (MH)

Presents a frame of reference which can be used to evaluate the seriousness and implications for treatment of emotional and behavioral problems occurring in preschool, school-age, and adolescents. Provides examples of common problems at different ages and guidelines for working with parents. (AH)

Discusses the personal, familial, and educational causes of the emergence of student violence since the 1950s. Suggests how counselors can better relate to each individual student and how teachers, parents, and counselors can work together to help reduce school violence. (SB)

Draws on 13 years experience teaching behavior-disordered students to identify effective teaching methods. Discusses the importance of honesty, fairness, consistency, persistence, intuition, praise, and humor in the teacher-student relationship. Provides eight guidelines for developing a workable and suitable classroom reward system. (JHZ)

Teachers' philosophy of education influences classroom atmosphere; their ability to help pupils develop a wholesome climate for effective learning is an important contribution to guidance. A look at curriculum and instructional processes may help teachers with classroom discipline. (MH)

Direct payment of teacher salaries by the federal government is one means of achieving uniform financial support of education, local tax relief, resolution of many professional problems and improvement of quality instruction and instructors. No change is proposed in local control of hiring, firing, seniority, tenure, or merit practices. (Author)

Describes the insecure, control-hungry personality often found in principals and the dependent personality often found in their faculties. Explains how these two personalities affect a school and its students, who can learn freedom and independence only from a free and independent teacher. (SB)