Comparison of the origins and histories of three early university hospitals--University of Michigan, University of Pennsylvania, and Johns Hopkins University (Maryland)--illustrates how each created a different mission. The meaning of "university hospital" has always been ambiguous, which can provide a useful flexibility, but university…

An autobiographical account by the army's chief logistical adviser to the surgeon general during World War II calls attention to the challenges of medical service planning and three postwar changes in medicine: demand for access to care; bigger federal biomedical research expenditures; and the rise of specialization. (Author/MSE)

Research must investigate three overlapping areas of continuing medical education. It must discover and document what, how, and why physicians learn and change; how better programs can be designed to fit into this process; and ways organizations that provide continuing education should differ in policies, procedures, and resources. (Author/MLW)