One hundred eighty-two schools (94 percent) responded to the survey of organized school-community groups. The survey instrument consisted of five questions in relation to four specified school groups (Neighborhood School Council, Parent-Teacher Association, Home and School Association, and Local School Board) although other groups could be added.…

The practice of analyzing all available project children in as large a group as possible is considered not to be justifiable when distinct subgroups of pupils are represented. Instead, the approach suggested here determines the test score gain a pupil achieves from the beginning to the end of the year, with all of the pupil gain scores of a single…