The number of English learners (ELs) in Alabama has increased significantly in recent years. English learners include U.S.-born children whose first language is not English, newcomers to the U.S., and other students developing English proficiency. These children are in Alabama schools, acquiring academic English instruction that promotes mastery of the content standards. Alabama developed the Framework for English Learner Success in response to current research and state data focused on ELs and to make needed shifts from traditional to systemic instructional practices that lead to EL success. The framework is composed of the state's vision and principles which are grounded in high-quality, evidence-based instruction, foundational for improving the state's educational priorities, supports, programs, and practices for ELs. The vision and principles are the basis for the theory of action. The theory of action highlights long-term student outcomes, goals, and high-leverage strategies.