This report documents the results of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) 1992 mathematics assessment and provides comparisons to the findings from a comparable survey conducted in 1990. It serves as a valuable reference volume which presents a diverse array of student, demographic, educational, and background characteristics. Chapters include: (1) "Overall Mathematics Achievement for the Nation and the States"; (2) "Overall Mathematics Achievement for Demographic Groups for the Nation and the States"; (3) "Mathematics Achievement by Content Area for the Nation and the States"; (4) "Mathematics Achievement by Content Areas for Population Subgroups for the Nation at Grades 4, 8, and 12 and the States at Grades 4 and 8"; (5) "Student Performance on Constructed-Response Questions for the Nation and the States"; (6) "Students' Perceptions of Mathematics"; (7) "Course-Taking Patterns for the Nation and the States"; (8) "Instructional Time and Emphases for the Nation and the States"; (9) "Instructional Approaches for the Nation and the States"; (10) "Use of Calculators and Computers in the Nation and the States"; (11) "Characteristics of Fourth- and Eighth-Grade Mathematics Teachers"; (12) "Student Motivation on NAEP's 1992 Assessment for the Nation and the States"; and (13) "Achievement by Academic Emphasis in the Home for the Nation and the States". Appendices include: (1) "What Students Know and Can Do in Mathematics"; (2) "Guidelines for Sample Participation and Explanation of Derivation of Weighted Population"; (3) "State Contextual Background Factors"; (4) "Overview of Procedures Used"; and (5) "Mean Proficiencies, Standard Deviations, and Percentiles for National Demographic Subpopulations". (JRH)