This report focuses upon the economic and other contributions that agricultural research and education have made to Virginia over the past 40 years. Agricultural research, extension, and classroom instruction contribute in the following ways to Virginia's citizens: increased supplies and reduced costs, improved competitiveness, multiplier effects on income and employment in the economy as a whole, food safety and environmental quality, and an educated workforce. Each dollar invested in agricultural research, teaching, and extension programs has generated $4 to $15 in increased farm production over a period of 8 to 15 years. Virginia farm production has increased by 63 percent during the past 4 decades, while the land in farms has declined by 47 percent and labor on farms has declined by 89 percent. These productivity advances to a large extent have been made possible because of the agricultural research, extension, and teaching programs of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Improvements in productivity associated with investments in these programs account for 46 percent of the $290 million expansion in farm production. Taxpayer dollars are needed to support agricultural research and education because social benefits exceed private benefits and because there is a complementarity between research and education. Appendixes provide a summary of the statistical analysis and a description of the input-output model. (Contains 33 references.) (JDD)