Calculators were used in the 1990 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) of 4th-, 8th-, and 12th-grade public school and private school students and in the Trial State Assessment of 8th-grade public school students. Before they were tested, all of the students were trained briefly in how to use the equipment. NAEP collected information about whether students understood how to use a calculator, as well as when to use one. NAEP also questioned and collected information from students, teachers, and administrators about the availability and use of calculators and computers in schools and about school policies related to their use. Presented in this fact sheet are: (1) the rationale for the use of technology in the mathematics classroom; (2) a discussion about the survey results concerning the use of calculators in the mathematics classroom; (3) a discussion about the survey results concerning the use of computers in the classroom; (4) tables of summary statistics about students' understanding of when to use a calculator, students' report on ways they use a calculator, and schools' reports on the availability of computers; and (5) questions to stimulate further discussions among teachers, principals, administrators, parents, and other interested citizens concerning the use of technology in the mathematics classroom. (JJK)