This study provides data on the offerings and enrollment in science and mathematics in public high schools during the fall of 1956. The information was obtained from a 10% sample of these schools selected at random. The same schools were used for a similar survey in 1954 and the data in that survey are compared with the data in the 1956 survey. The document reports the number and percent of schools offering various mathematics and science courses and the number and percent of pupils enrolled in these courses. It also reports the size of science and mathematics classes, ratio of boys to girls in science and mathematics courses, characteristics of the sample and national generalizations. Many tables and diagrams are also included. (HM)