The four appendices in this report accompany the full report "The Effects of a Principal Professional Development Program Focused on Instructional Leadership. NCEE 2020-0002," (ED599489). They include: (1) The Study's Principal Professional Development Program; (2) Study Design, Data Collection, and Analytic Methods; (3) Supplemental…

These are the appendixes for the report, "How Legacy High School Students Use Their Flexible Time." The study examined whether students with different demographic characteristics and academic achievement levels use their flex-time differently. The study found that, on average over the school year, students had approximately 80 minutes of…

Education has been a priority for Ghana since its independence, with current expenditures representing double the average for Africa and other developing nations. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Government aimed to enhance the quality of education and teacher attendance, including improving school infrastructure and providing textbooks and…

Prior to COVID-19 lockdowns, the Federal Republic of Nigeria had taken measures to improve the quality of education and of teachers' working conditions such as by improving school infrastructure and accelerating teacher training programs, and providing incentive schemes for teachers. While education is free and compulsory, Nigeria reports the…

In Rwanda, over 3.5 million children were estimated to be out of school in 2020 when the country closed all schools as a safety measure against the spread of COVID-19. The government quickly developed a national response plan and started the process of hiring teachers, constructing classrooms and training in-service teachers in remote-learning…

The data in this brief come from the nationally representative 2011-12 Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS) Public and Private School Principal Data Files and the Public and Private School Data Files. Principals who participated in SASS provided information about the percentage of time spent on various tasks by answering the question: "On…

This report takes a first step toward filling the need for more information on time allocated to schooling. Data from the federal Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS), the only nationally representative data source available for identifying variations in time across schools, are used to measure and document in-school time among the nation's…

Recent studies have reported that private schools surpass public schools on numerous educational outcome measures. Analysts have suggested that differences between teachers in public and private schools partly account for the measured success of private schools. This report investigates these differences in terms of teacher time allocation…

This report includes early tabulations from the 1985 Public School Survey of schools and teachers. The tabulations and figures are prefaced by a description of the survey methodology, indicating what the limitations are on the data and briefly describing sampling variation. The mail sample survey collected information on a nationally…

The amount of time students are exposed to material is one measure of student access to learning opportunities. This information sheet compares instructional time for students in several developed countries. However, how effectively classroom time is used had the greatest influence on student learning. The average amount of time 13-year-olds spent…