Monitoring Learning Achievement (MLA), a joint UNESCO-UNICEF international education assessment initiative, obtains information on the "effectiveness of basic education provision[s] in terms of actual learning achievement." The empirical evidence from the 1999 MLA project countries provides both a diagnosis and possible actions to be…

Population aging was one of the most distinctive events of the 20th century and will remain important throughout the 21st century. Initially, a phenomenon of more developed countries, the process has recently become apparent in much of the developing world as well. The shift in age structure associated with population aging has a profound impact…

This report, the second annual Human Development Report (HDR) for Latvia, investigates the accuracy of Latvia's 1995 ranking of 48th out of 174 countries in terms of human development in the most recent United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) global Human Development Report. The report also suggests measures that could significantly improve…

The causes of rural/urban educational inequalities are multiple and diverse, and their analysis requires multi-disciplinary, longitudinal research. In this Polish study, preliminary examination of macrostatistical data on rural/urban disparities revealed the limitations of dichotomous analysis. In a broad, in-depth approach designed to develop a…

Examines the relationship between education and economic, political, and social status for empowering women in Asia. Using macro statistics from each country, no positive linear relationship is revealed. Further examined are factors that surface in each area, including gender relations within the family, that constrain the role of education as an…

Although concern over labor market inequities in South Africa has focused almost exclusively on racial differences in labor force participation and pay, gender also has been important, since women do not enjoy the same access, opportunities, and rewards in the formal labor market as men, especially among races traditionally subject to…

The basis for this report is a large research project undertaken by The Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (OISE) for the Ontario Ministry of Education from July 1974 through December 1975. It also uses evidence from two earlier small studies of OISE, from the academic years 1972-73 and 1973-74. The project was designed to be the main…

The social changes that have taken place in the past fifteen years have had a powerful effect on the life trajectories and social expectations of people in different age groups in Russia. For the most part there are two terms that are used to identify these groups: age cohort (or age group) and generation. But the use of these terms in…

This volume is to be used in conjunction with volume I (Final Research Report) of the Women in Science and Technology in Australia (WISTA) research project. This document contains the main statistical tables of grade 12 and higher education enrollments used as the basis for the statistical element of the WISTA research report. The document is…

This 22-country survey was conducted between 1994 and 1998. Representative samples of adults aged 16-65 were interviewed and tested at home using the same literacy tests. The main purpose of the survey was to find out how well adults use information to function in society. Another aim was to investigate the factors that influence literacy…