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Education Commission of the States, 2020
Research is mixed about which program approaches are most effective, but researchers agree that English learners (ELs) perform better academically and achieve greater language proficiency when they have some type of English language instruction. Program approaches vary widely, but the most common types include: (1) English as a Second Language:…
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, English Language Learners, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
Branum-Martin, Lee; Mehta, Paras D.; Carlson, Coleen D.; Francis, David J.; Foorman, Barbara R. – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2012
There are many types of programs for Spanish speaking students in the US, with varying methods and goals. Some preliminary work suggests that bilingual classrooms may differ widely in instruction, even under the same program labels. However, there are few studies which have compared the extent to which various bilingual program models differ in…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education Programs, Immersion Programs, Spanish Speaking, Educational Practices
Ramirez, J. David; And Others – 1991
This study, undertaken from 1983-84 through 1988-89, compared the relative effectiveness of two alternative programs (structured English immersion and late-exit transitional bilingual education) with that of the program typically funded through the Bilingual Education Act, the early-exit transitional bilingual education program. The…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education Programs, Comparative Analysis, Elementary Secondary Education, English (Second Language)
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Ramirez, J. David – American Journal of Education, 1986
Describes instructional differences among English Immersion Strategy, early-exit, and late-exit transitional bilingual education programs. The three differ radically in the use of English and the primary language for instruction; these language-use patterns are consistent with each instructional model. Little or no differences were noted in…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Bilingual Education Programs, Elementary Secondary Education, English (Second Language)