Operational testing programs employing item response theory (IRT) applications benefit from of the property of item parameter invariance whereby item parameter estimates obtained from one sample can be applied to other samples (when the underlying assumptions are satisfied). In theory, this feature allows for applications such as computer-adaptive…

Often, educational and psychological measurement instruments must be translated from one language to another when they are administered to different cultural groups. The translation process often necessarily introduces measurement inequivalence. Therefore, an examination may be said to exhibit differential functioning if the test provides a…

A study was conducted at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) to identify the variables affecting the academic success of community college transfer students. The study involved a survey of the 1,343 students who transferred to UCLA from a community college in Fall 1977. The questionnaire asked respondents to provide background…

The effectiveness of different frequencies of summarization during studying and processing prose passages was compared. The 48 college students in the study were equally divided into a control group (normal study techniques), a frequent summarization group that created four noncumulative summaries at equally spaced intervals throughout the passage…

The Abecedarian Project was one of the most intensive early childhood programs ever offered to children from poor families. This study examined long-term outcomes for 105 of the original 111 participants at age 21. The project was a randomized trial of early childhood educational intervention provided in a full-time child care setting year round…

This follow-up study examined the long-term effects of providing 5 years of high-quality childcare for low-income mothers participating in the Abecedarian study, a randomized trial of early childhood educational intervention for children from low-income families. Participating in the age-21 follow-up were 100 of the original 109 biological…

This 4-year longitudinal study of logical reasoning found complex interrelationships among different cognitive processes of children ages 6 to 15. Piaget's stage theory is discussed in the introduction, with a focus on the concrete operational stage in middle childhood. In the study, a representative array of logical concept tasks and short-term…

Q-type factor analysis was used to re-analyze baseline data collected in 1957, on 47 men aged 65-91. Q-type analysis is the use of factor methods to study persons rather than tests. Although 550 variables were originally studied involving psychiatry, medicine, cerebral metabolism and chemistry, personality, audiometry, dichotic and diotic memory,…

Current methods of obtaining reliability coefficients for mastery tests are laborious from a practitioner's perspective. Some methods require two test administrations; while others require access to computer facilities and/or advanced measurement and statistical procedures. This report provides tables from which practitioners can read such…

As a means of studying the present public catalogs and possible catalog format alternatives at the Iowa State University library, a 6-week queuing study was conducted. Objectives of the study were (1) to determine the correlation between other library statistics (e.g., door counts and circulation records) and use of the public catalogs; (2) to…

In the present study Monte Carlo methods were employed to evaluate the degree to which canonical function and structure coefficients may be differentially sensitive to sampling error. Sampling error influences were investigated across variations in variable and sample (n) sizes, and across variations in average within-set correlation sizes and in…

A model for predicting student credit hours (SCH) over a 2-year period was developed at the University of South Florida. A major application of the model would be to estimate the expected loss of upper-level SCH that would occur as a result of reduced lower-level enrollment. Attention was focused on the long-range effect of lower-level enrollment…

Findings of this 20-year longitudinal study support Kohlberg's theoretical predictions of invariant structural consistency of subjects' responses to hypothetical moral dilemmas. Subjects were 58 American males chosen in 1955 according to age, social class and sociometric status. They were 10, 13, or 16 years of age at Time 1. Half of each age…

This study followed 10 Florida cohorts with different levels of education over a period of 3 years to determine outcomes of employment, continuing education status, level of public assistance, incarceration or probation status, and military assistance. Information for the study was derived from the Florida Education and Training Placement…

This study examined partisan elections in large urban school districts in Canada. It investigated the extent to which the existence of political parties in a school board election serves to aggregate the educational attitudes and opinions of candidates. Also, it investigated the extent to wbich political parties aggregate differences in the…