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Download full textHoke, K. J. – Bureau of Education, Department of the Interior, 1916
The progress of children through the grades of the public schools and the stage of advancement at which they quit school are matters of great educational and economic importance, and enlist the interest of both school officers and taxpayers. If many children fail to accomplish any part of the work of the school in the time prescribed, it may be…
Descriptors: Grades (Scholastic), Elementary Schools, Grade Repetition, Student Promotion
Nichols, Sharon L.; Glass, Gene V.; Berliner, David C. – Education Policy Research Unit, 2005
Under the federal No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB), standardized test scores are the indicator used to hold schools and school districts accountable for student achievement. Each state is responsible for constructing an accountability system, attaching consequences--or stakes--for student performance. The theory of action implied by this…
Descriptors: High Stakes Tests, Standardized Tests, Academic Achievement, Federal Legislation
