Although a residency requirement establishing qualifications for employment can usually be imposed unilaterally by the public employer, a requirement dealing with conditions of continued employment must generally be negotiated if it impacts greater on conditions of employment than on the mission of the employer. (Author)

Twelve construction cluster skill standards and associated benchmarks were developed as part of a federally funded school-to-work initiative that included the following parties: the Chicago Public Schools; City Colleges of Chicago; and business, labor, and community organizations. The standards, which include core academic, generic workplace…