In standardized educational testing, test items are reused in multiple test administrations. To ensure the validity of test scores, the psychometric properties of items should remain unchanged over time. In this article, we consider the sequential monitoring of test items, in particular, the detection of abrupt changes to their psychometric…

Item nonresponses are prevalent in standardized testing. They happen either when students fail to reach the end of a test due to a time limit or quitting, or when students choose to omit some items strategically. Oftentimes, item nonresponses are nonrandom, and hence, the missing data mechanism needs to be properly modeled. In this paper, we…

The use of Bayes' estimates for proportions in the Law of Comparative Judgment is suggested to avoid sample proportions of zero and one. (Author)

A unified treatment is presented for conditions that should allow detection of measurement bias using statistical procedures involving only observed or manifest variables. Computational results demonstrate that methods for studying bias that rely exclusively on manifest variables are not generally diagnostic of the presence or absence of…