Very little of the professional development literature identifies its costs. Many say good professional development is expensive, but what is meant by expensive, and if so, expensive relative to what? This article shows that effective professional development is not expensive relative to overall spending and that its key elements and their costs…

A small university's health services program has coped with inflation and budget restrictions without damaging its program by: attracting and maintaining good, efficient staff; eliminating minor services; cooperating with a student advisory board; and broadening its enrollment base. (CJ)

The author describes the Research and Training Center at Lahti (Finland): its general task, its goals, and its organization. The center's main projects are examined: open university studies, supplementary professional education, employment oriented training, extension projects, international cooperation, and research activities. Financing of the…