Six common visual dysfunctions are briefly explained and their relationships to reading noted: (1) ametropia, refractive error; (2) inaccurate saccades, the small jumping eye movements used in reading; (3) inefficient binocularity/fusion; (4) insufficient convergence/divergence; (5) heterophoria, imbalance in extra-ocular muscles; and (6)…

Among 294 children of three to eight years, tactual oddity learning increased gradually with age. The finding of bidirectional cross-modal transfer of oddity learning supported the suggestion that such transfer occurs when training and transfer oddity tasks share a common vehicle dimension. Results are considered consistent with the view that…

Nine televised news stories were presented to 60 college students under newscaster-only, newscaster-plus-film, or newscaster-plus-stills formats, and information gain was tested using a multiple-choice questionnaire administered immediately after viewing. Overall learning differences were nonsignificant. (Author)

Points out the inadequacy of visual information such as writing on a blackboard or using an overhead projector as the ability to develop an understanding of dynamic processes among students. Recommends using short animations that can be viewed on the World Wide Web. Describes how to make a GIF animation. (YDS)

In 3 experiments, 163 college students who read a summary with a sequence of short captions with simple illustrations depicting steps in a process recalled the steps and solved transfer problems as well as or better than students who received the full text with a summary or alone. (SLD)

Reports results of a study designed to determine how well several forms of adjunct questions establish encoding by visual imagery, and whether such coding enhances performance compared to questions designed to encourage verbal encoding alone. (CS)

The purpose of this research was to determine whether there were significant differences in male or female middle-school students' ability to appropriately convey the emotions of happiness, sadness, anger, and fear while singing musical passages within the context of four treatment situations. Four treatment methodologies were designed to identify…

Background: The relationship between the age of reaching infant developmental milestones and later intellectual function within the normal population remains unresolved. We hypothesised that the age of learning to stand in infancy would be associated with adult executive function and that the association would be apparent throughout the range of…

Notes that almost all computer engineering textbooks present algorithms using only verbal methods. Poses that engineering students' ability to handle graphic representation is crucial yet information is presented verbally. Summarizes the results of 12 replications on learner preference for graphic or verbal algorithmic techniques. (MVL)