Background: Many students face difficulties with algebra. At the same time, it has been observed that fraction understanding predicts achievements in algebra; hence, gaining a better understanding of how algebra understanding builds on fraction understanding is an important goal for research and educational practice. Objectives: However, a wide…

As online learning platforms become more popular and deeply integrated into education, understanding their effectiveness and what drives that effectiveness becomes increasingly important. While there is extensive prior research illustrating the benefits of intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) for student learning, there is comparatively less focus…

Artificial intelligence (AI) based education represents a significant transformation in the field of education of our age. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has great potential to enrich the learning experience of special needs students, provide support to teachers, and reduce inequalities in education. Artificial intelligence (AI)…

Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) possess significant potential to enhance learning outcomes. However, deploying ITSs in global south countries presents challenges due to their frequent lack of essential technological resources, such as computers and internet access. The concept of AIED Unplugged has emerged to bridge this digital divide,…

Amalgamating generative artificial intelligence (Gen AI), Bloom's taxonomy and critical thinking present a promising avenue to revolutionize assessment pedagogy and foster higher-order cognitive skills needed for learning autonomy in the domain of self-directed learning. Gen AI, a subset of artificial intelligence (AI), has emerged as a…

Adaptivity in advanced learning technologies offer the possibility to adapt to different student backgrounds, which is difficult to do in a traditional classroom setting. However, there are mixed results on the effectiveness of adaptivity based on different implementations and contexts. In this paper, we introduce AI adaptivity in the context of a…

LearnSphere is a web-based data infrastructure designed to transform scientific discovery and innovation in education. It supports learning researchers in addressing a broad range of issues including cognitive, social, and motivational factors in learning, educational content analysis, and educational technology innovation. LearnSphere integrates…

The diversity and advance of information, communication, and analytical technologies and their increasing adoption to assist instruction and learning give rise to various technology-driven conferences (e.g., artificial intelligence in education) in educational technology. Previous reviews on educational technology commonly focused on journal…

E-learning environments can store huge amounts of data on the interaction of learners with the content, assessment and discussion. Yet, after the identification of meaningful patterns or learning behaviour in the data, it is necessary to use these patterns to improve learning environments. It is notable that designs to benefit from these patterns…

For the special issue of the International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education dedicated to the memory of Jim Greer, this paper highlights some of Jim's extensive and always-timely contributions to the field: from his early AI-focussed research on intelligent tutoring systems, through a variety of applications deployed to support…

To construct dialogue-based Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) with sufficient pedagogical expertise, a trendy research method is to mine large-scale data collected by existing dialogue-based ITS or generated between human tutors and students to discover effective tutoring strategies. However, most of the existing research has mainly focused on…

Research has shown assistance can provide many benefits to novices lacking the mental models needed for problem solving in a new domain. However, varying approaches to assistance, such as subgoals and next-step hints, have been implemented with mixed results. Next-Step hints are common in data-driven tutors due to their straightforward generation…

We propose a novel model, Wide & Deep Item Response Theory (Wide & Deep IRT), to predict the correctness of students' responses to questions using historical clickstream data. This model combines the strengths of conventional Item Response Theory (IRT) models and Wide & Deep Learning for Recommender Systems. By leveraging clickstream…

Instant feedback plays a vital role in promoting academic achievement and student success. In practice, however, delivering timely feedback to students can be challenging for instructors for a variety of reasons (e.g., limited teaching resources). In many cases, feedback arrives too late for learners to act on the advice and reinforce their…

Pedagogical agents have been designed to support the significant challenges that learners face when self-regulating in advanced learning environments. Evidence suggests differences in learners' prior skills and abilities, in conjunction with excessive didactic support, can cause overreliance on these external aids, which in turn prevents deeper…