Purpose: This study investigated within-language and between-language associations between phonological memory, vocabulary, and grammar in French-English (n = 43) and Spanish-English (n = 25) bilingual children at 30, 36, and 48 months. It was predicted that phonological memory would display both within-language and between-language relations to…

Reanalyzes data from the classic 1966 Coleman Report. Addresses whether teacher characteristics, including verbal ability and race, influenced students'"synthetic gain scores." Findings support this hypothesis. Verbal scores mattered equally for black teachers and white teachers. Black teachers were associated with higher gain scores for…

Examined the relationship between first- and second-language literacy by identifying the skills and processes developed in the first language that were transferred to the second language. Subjects were 40 students from China, Hong Kong, Vietnam, and Australia. Found that people learning English as a second language transfer their literacy…

Using state-level panel data, this study estimates a simple achievement function in the fixed-effects format to explore further the nexus between school expenditure and student achievement in the United States. Five main points are noted. First, the effect of per-pupil expenditure is positive and carries high statistical significance in some…