Propensity score estimation plays a fundamental role in propensity score matching for reducing group selection bias in observational data. To increase the accuracy of propensity score estimation, the author developed a bootstrap propensity score. The commonly used propensity score matching methods: nearest neighbor matching, caliper matching, and…

A study of university students suggests a complex shift in the meaning of "success" since the early 1970s. New definitions emphasize the following: (1) need for varied skills and adaptable personalities; (2) expectation of multiple career paths; (3) rejection of traditional ideas of success; and (4) hard work as a prescription for life. (PS)

A novel, liberal admissions procedure used for students over 25 at the University of New South Wales (Australia) is described and its effectiveness evaluated. Extensive interview and questionnaire data are reported on student motivation, expectation, and adjustment problems. Academic performance is shown to be consistently superior to traditional…

A shortened and revised Student Aspirations Survey was administered to 1,160 students in rural middle schools and high schools. Evidence of construct validity was considerable for student responses to the aspirations scales and very limited for student responses to the school climate scales. Suggestions for improvement of score interpretation are…

A survey of 1,127 college-bound African-American high school juniors investigated what help they had in the college choice process, how they described their preferred kind of college, their most important college choice criteria, their life goals, their perceptions of minority recruitment strategies, and their most desired college academic and…

Surveys of Australian college faculty, conducted in 1977 and 1993, provide data for tracing trends in workload. While time devoted to teaching and research have remained stable, changes at the margins of academic workload are considerable. These tasks are largely generated by demands of institutional competition, accountability, and quality…