Recent changes in European higher education have accompanied a strong desire and need by national ministries to have comparable data across institutions and a growing recognition from campus leaders that effective planning and decision-making requires reliable institutional data and analyses. This has induced changes and restructuring of duties…

In Lapland, a project investigated the effectiveness of multiform teaching (classroom instruction, distance teaching, various media, and linking of instruction to working life) to train data processing experts. Evaluation showed the necessity of adequate facilities and equipment, the importance of phone contact, and the need for teachers to be…