Reviews the approaches that have been used to detect cultural, content, predictive, and selection bias in mental tests. Argues that questions of bias are fundamentally questions of validity. Concludes that although much has been learned about the technical details of test bias, social policy questions remain to be resolved. (Author/GC)

Counselors are attempting to establish their professional identity in a psychological society. That identity will be established by building on a distinguished heritage and taking directions chosen on the basis of service to counselees. (Author)

Touches upon problems which result from abuses of governmental power--as, for example, in the case of governments diagnosing political dissenters as insane. Relates issues of power and responsibility to civil liberties and human rights. (Author/CK)

Criticizes the conceptualizations of class struggle, social stratification, and racial relations in Britain as expounded in a recent book ("Colonial Immigrants in a British City") by John Rex and Sally Tomlinson. Identifies potential problems created by their interpretations. (GC)

Reviews the theoretical and empirical literature dealing with functionalist and conflict perspectives of the social processes of rule-creation, rule-maintenance, and the relationship of these processes to deviant behavior. (DR)

Rural problems are obscured by constructions of "idyll-ized" rural life as the spatial expression of self-supporting, happy, problem-free existence in a market economy. (British) Rural Lifestyles study findings suggest that rural problems are associated with a wide range of experiences of marginalization (economic, political, cultural)…

Uses the Public Arenas model to examine the historical roots of the greenhouse effect issue as communicated in scientific literature from the early 1800s to modern times. Utilizes a constructivist approach to discuss several possible explanations for the rise and fall of global warming as a social problem in the scientific arena. (PA)

Contemplates the meaning and misunderstanding of the works of West Virginia author, Breece Pancake, who took his own life at age 26. Pancake used a "realistic" representation of a place to create an effect in his fiction, not to develop a regional image. Contains comments from other Appalachian writers concerning Pancake's work. (KS)

Reviews research and thinking on the causes of the disproportionate involvement of black male youths in interpersonal violence and violent activities, and examines societal and community responses to this problem. Programs aimed at preventing or reducing black male youth violence are critiqued. (SLD)

This article reviews the literature on peer relations and social skills of children with learning disabilities (LD). Two risk models are discussed. The single-risk model suggests that for some children with LD, social skills deficits are inherent in the disability. These deficits lead to problems with social relationships, which foster…

The principal failure of attempts to reduce illiteracy in the United States lies in the conceptualization of the problem to which literacy is the solution and in an underfinanced practice that parallels dominant educational institutions, emphasizing the service of individuals. Adult education plays a critical role in liberatory action. Although…

The Unwed Fathers Project was designed to draw upon the small but rapidly growing body of knowledge about young fathers up to 25 years of age. The specific project components were 10 working papers commissioned from researchers and program professionals; a 1986 invitational symposium which included policy officials, employees of governments,…

The purpose of this article is to review the problem of child abuse and neglect, discuss the implications of the abusive/neglectful environment, and present possible intervention strategies focused upon both parent and school or day care settings. The introductory section focuses briefly on the complexities of defining child abuse and neglect and…

The characteristics of demagogic discourse and a methodology appropriate for its analysis can be illustrated by examining Huey Long's "Every Man a King" radio address on February 20, 1934. The demagogue is similar to the revered public figure in that both are mass leaders, charismatic, and heroic. But the demagogue elicits powerful…

This paper reviews press coverage of events surrounding the 1977 governmental decision to ban fluorocarbons in spray cans in the United States. The research reported focused on the years 1972 to 1978 and involved a count of the number of items published in selected newspapers and magazines or aired on the three major networks' evening news…