In recent years, an increasing number of teachers and researchers have used virtual reality (VR) to enhance English as a foreign language (EFL) learning, but the learning effects they found varied. Because of these differences, we conducted a meta-analysis. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of VR-based EFL learning methods with…

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly impacted education, necessitating alternative methods to traditional face-to-face teaching. This dramatic change, in tandem with increasing awareness of the metaverse--a virtual reality (VR) world wherein humanity might learn, work and socialise--has made a clear need for a better understanding of the…

This research aims to compare the ability and item parameter estimations of Item Response Theory according to Maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches in different Monte Carlo simulation conditions. For this purpose, depending on the changes in the priori distribution type, sample size, test length, and logistics model, the ability and item…

Virtual reality (VR) is used across the educational spectrum (higher education, high school, primary school, and even pre-school); however, primary school teachers' perceptions of using VR in their classrooms require further research. A brief review of the literature of 100 existing articles related to teaching within the primary school context…

XR technology (an umbrella term that incorporates virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), and in some opinions, 360 immersive video) offers considerable potential for supporting learning in the criminal justice sector. The use of XR can allow students and trainees to experience hard-to-reach, risky and dangerous…

Although the metaverse is a trending topic in several fields, it is not a new concept within the field of education. In this study, we followed the PRISMA framework and identified 37 articles since 2008 that researched the metaverse in education. We critically reviewed these articles, aiming to examine the evolution of the field's conceptual…

Background: The use of virtual reality (VR) training in high-stakes fields, including medicine, aviation, and the military, prepares individuals for complex scenarios in a safe and controlled setting. VR aligns with dual-code theory, enhancing learning through visual and kinesthetic engagement. This review investigates the application and…

Background: Despite the numerous positive effects of augmented reality (AR) on learning, previous research has shown ambiguous results regarding the cognitive demand on the learner arising from, for example, the overlay of virtual elements or novel interaction techniques. At the same time, the number of evidence-based guidelines on designing AR is…

Virtual tools are rapidly supplementing physical tools in classrooms. Although extensive research has compared the benefits of using virtual and physical manipulatives, few studies have systematically explored the learning benefits of using a physical and a virtual tool. As the major learning goal in science, technology, engineering, and…

Simulation-based learning (SBL) is an important component in health professions education and serves as effective preparation or a substitution for clinical placements. Despite their widely accepted benefits, students from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds may not experience the same learning outcomes from engaging in SBL as…

The use of metaverse in mathematics education has revolutionized the way the subject is taught. Metaverse provides immersive and engaging experiences that enhance understanding and enable access to previously inaccessible places. This research discusses papers in the field of metaverse and mathematics, including annual scientific outputs,…

While haptic interactions are increasingly integrated into embodied Extended-Reality (XR) educational systems, their impacts on students' learning outcomes remain underexplored. To address this gap, a comprehensive three-level meta-analysis of 25 studies (50 effect sizes) was conducted to evaluate how haptic interactions in XR learning…

Introduction: Activities that illuminate the psychological underpinnings of privilege and oppression are an important part of social justice pedagogy. Statement of Problem: There are numerous issues with current simulations of privilege and oppression that leave social justice educators limited in the choice of activity. Literature Review:…

This study aims to introduce network meta-analysis (NMA) to provide educational researchers with an extended view of the reviewing educational research. Meta-analytic methods have been widely used in educational research reviews. However, weaknesses have emerged in the multi-group comparison analysis of educational studies where different…

Background: The use of virtual reality (VR) in medical education allows learners to make mistakes safely without risk to patients and to refine a range of clinical skills by repetition. However, there is still wide variability both between, and within countries regarding the amount of training delivered using VR, particularly in relation to…