The concept of organizational climate came from a desire to understand person-environment interactions. Most research has focused on the development of measuring instruments and much less has focused on development of a theory base. The small amount of existing theory has been used as a beginning for measurement activities. The lack of theory may…

Recent literature on television and behavior is reviewed, synthesized, and assessed in this report, the first of two volumes. Questions of television's impact on viewer functioning are addressed for the general reader, for the purpose of elucidating research findings and their implications for public health and future research. The focus of this…

The article reviews behavioral intervention research with the handicapped, focusing on the analysis of subject, setting, and procedural factors that influence the outcome of behavior modification. Behavior enhancement procedures (e.g., tactile and sensory reinforcement, contracting, and modeling) and behavior reduction procedures (e.g., extinction…

This paper examines the influence of Norman Geschwind's model of connectionism, in which complex functions are built up by connecting primary areas in the brain, and notes his studies of the effects of disconnection on dyslexic individuals. Connectionist-based behavioral studies are reviewed, focusing on intracortical association connections and…

Four journals were compared in terms of interest in classroom intervention, emphasis on antecedent versus consequent intervention techniques, interest in student conduct versus academic performance, and changes over years 1963 through 1982. The journals' contents differed substantially on most variables, and some pronounced trends across years…

Although the association between vigorous exercise and certain aspects of mental health is well documented, explanations for this relationship are not well understood. Research in this area is reviewed, and recommendations for more study are presented. (CJ)

Suggests that disruptive behavior in the classroom should be studied by educational and behavioral science researchers as an entity in its own right and suggests how researchers can use a sequence analysis approach to test the viability of treating disruption in the classroom as a series of social episodes or incidents.

Sees four implications for counseling as a result of the additions to research and theory building of social, developmental, and general psychology. From social influence theory and from cognitive, behavioral, humanistic, and developmental research, a prototype "systematic eclectic" task-model directed toward implications is offered. (Author)

Describes common methodological inadequacies in research on treatment of obesity and suggests alternatives. Importance of multiple measurement of outcome is emphasized. Merits of alternative single-subject and between-groups experimental designs are discussed. Reasons for conspicuous lack of long-term follow-ups are analyzed. Recommendations for…

Addresses the ubiquitous practices of trait inference and labeling, inference of motives, and the conceptual division of prosocial and antisocial behavior into dichotomous entities. In the case of children who are "acting-out" at an excessively high frequency, these alternatives are more humane and useful in a pragmatic, scientific sense.…

A review of research on the relationship between behavior disorders and allergy and food additives. (CM)

Examines the function of complaining and characteristics of complainers. Addresses implications for camp, in allowing everyone to be heard and in dealing with complainers. A New York study of 49 therapists and child protective services workers found that interpretations of the "reasonable cause to suspect" clause of child abuse laws…

Reviews the history of self-concept research. Suggests that self-concept research was long neglected due to major hostile scientific paradigms: psychology's behaviorist paradigm, sociology's social factist and social behaviorist paradigms, and the Freudian paradigm in psychoanalysis. Contains 46 references. (SV)

Reviews previously proposed schemes of classical rationality in book selection, describes new approaches to rational choice behavior, and presents a model of book selection based on bounded rationality in a garbage can decision process. The role of tacit knowledge and symbolic content in the selection process are also discussed. (102 references)…

A review of the January 1993 issue of the "Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior" concludes that behavioral interventions produce collateral effects, but predicting those effects in applied work is complicated because of verbal and instructional influences and because of interactions among reinforcer types. (JDD)