Identity, as a guiding concept for work and retirement decisions, is explored in the current study. Image theory suggests that actions that "fit" with the goals of the trajectory image are fundamental for maintaining a positive and consistent self-identity (Beach, 1998; Beach & Mitchell, 1987). Incompatibility is the mechanism that evaluates…

This paper reviews the major theories, studies and models concerning ethical decision making in organizations. The authors drew upon Jones' Model (1991) as the foundation for their Ethical Choice Model, which is designed to further clarify the ethical decision making process as it relates to the construct of intentionality. The model, illustrated…

This article provides an integrative review of the developing body of literature investigating academics' ways of understanding research. The resulting review highlights implicit variation between different studies in the focus they have taken to addressing this research question, varyingly emphasising academics' research intentions, questions,…

The purpose of this analysis was to examine academic intentions, parental support, and peer support as predictors of self-reported academic behaviors among a sample of 329 first- and continuing-generation college freshmen. Regression analyses revealed that different variables predicted academic behaviors for the three groups examined (students…

While access to state schooling has grown in many countries in recent years, a hardcore of marginalised children continue to be excluded from this. Some of these children are able to gain access to education through non-state provision. The focus of this paper is on primary school aged children who find access through (international)…

Evaluates dominant theoretical positions on the development of intentionality, including goal-directedness, the role of parental scaffolding, an innate capacity for intersubjectivity, and behavioral object-directedness. Argues that this theoretical diversity is undermining the construction of a coherent developmental account, and explores the…

Observes that three dominant perspectives on intentionality--the encoder, decoder, and interactional--emerge from communication literature. Explains that the encoder perspective links intent to conscious activity, whereas the decoder perspective associates intent with observable actions. Notes that the interactional perspective attempts to unite…

Intentionality is a vital element in professional counseling. This article provides evidence that by reframing general internal cognitions into clearly stated internal dialogue, individuals are in a better position to reach their goals and are more likely to do so. (Contains 15 references.) (Author)

Recounts an incident in which a mountaineer cut the rope on which his partner's life depended in order to save himself from being pulled to almost certain death. Interprets relevant English law with regard to the definition of murder and possible defenses in a case such as this. (SV)

Traces recent concepts of counselor motivations and intentions and proposes a model that locates intentions on a continuum of counselor strategy. A lack of published work on counselor motivation of practical or theoretical significance can be traced to methodological and design problems. Techniques for measuring intentions are discussed, with an…

Reviews and discusses claims for, and objections to, the literal intelligence of computers and of documents. Topics discussed include contrasts between spoken language and written language; the Turing test, including linguistic responses to questions; the presence or absence of intentionality; and Plato's "Phaedrus" and its concern with…

The many authors debating whether computers can understand often fail to clarify what understanding is, and no agreement exists on this important issue. In his Chinese room argument, Searle (1980) claims that computers running formal programs can never understand. I discuss Searle's claim based on a definition of understanding that is empirical,…

Examines how Latina adolescents' intentions to have sex were influenced by their general attitude toward having sex and their perceptions of general social norms. Results reveal that perceptions of general social norms, but not general attitude, predicted intentions to have sex; and whether adolescents were sexually active directly predicted…

Examines the utility of a new measure of personal value of alcohol use in predicting intentions to reduce post-college alcohol use. As expected, alcohol consumption quantity/frequency and frequency of consuming five or more drinks per occasion were unrelated to intention to reduce alcohol use after college. The personal value of alcohol measure…

Comparison of the conceptual frameworks of Kilpatrick's project method (a proposal to base school curriculum on children's projects, not subject matter) and Tough's adult learning projects reveals important differences. Kilpatrick sought to develop the child morally, socially, and intellectually, whereas in the learning project, the concept of…