Provides an overview of dietary risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including diet sodium intake for hypertension and dietary fat and cholesterol for hypercholesterolemia, exacerbation of these conditions by obesity, and intervention strategies for their modification. Describes clinical strategies for modifying diet: education, skills…

This article identifies some behaviorial approaches for teaching economics at the pre-college level, including contiguity, classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning. The cognitive school of thought is also considered. Implications of research on problem-solving are drawn. (CB)

Transferring the skills learned in mathematics to other contexts is a problem for many students. A new heuristic model of mathematics instruction is proposed. The model would guard against the adoption of mistaken assumptions about mathematics and foster the learning of problem-solving strategies. (VM)

Presents a model that integrates a consultation problem-solving process with three preventive mental health levels. A review of the relevant literature is presented with each component of the model, and pragmatic applications are suggested to facilitate both problem-solving and consultation. The tertiary prevention level is emphasized. (BH)

Recommendations from several current writings at the national level for improving mathematics curriculum and instruction are reviewed in this article. Key concerns discussed include problem solving, basic skills, effective teaching skills, public support, and professionalism. (DF)

Reviews research from 1963 to 1983 to discover if bibliotherapy is effective in changing the attitudes of adolescents. (FL)

Without teacher change, a successful educational reform is either incidental or superficial. Therefore, it is very important to understand the nature of teacher change for science educators. Mezirow's transformation theory, a constructivist theory, provides a theoretical basis for both teacher learning and teacher change. This paper presents an…

Past researchers of education candidates have remarked that educational administration (EA) has attracted students of below-average verbal, quantitative, and analytic scores as measured by standardized tests. This is a two-fold problem: (1) Principals with high overall academic ability are more likely to be viewed as leaders in…

The author asserts that an important portion of an administrator's work is that of "problem finding." A case study and discussion of the relevant literature provide a definition of problem finding and its importance in understanding the work behavior of school administrators. (Author/MLF)

Exploratory studies of the role of hemisphericity in creative functioning were made of graduate students. Results from instruments assessing hemisphericity, creative style or personality, and creative ability or level indicate that measures of creative style are positively related to the right hemisphere style of information processing. (CJ)

Teacher education programs have long attempted to teach students to follow a rational mode of thinking. Recent research on teacher thinking has shown that a gap exists between how teachers think and the rational model. Such research should be used to give teacher educators insight into how their students think and learn. (JN)

The application of learned helplessness theory to achievement is discussed within the context of implications for research in learning disabilities. Finally, the similarities between helpless children and learning disabled students in terms of problems solving and attention are discussed. (Author)

The dual career couple is forced to make a series of choices and compromises that impact the realms of marriage and career. The dilemmas that confront dual career marriages can be overcome only by compromise, accommodation, and mutual understanding on the part of the individuals involved. A revamping of human resources and recruitment programs is…

Demonstrates that approach gradients can be steeper than avoidance gradients. An individual with an avoidance-approach conflict, placed on the goal side of the intersection of the gradients, would enthusiastically approach a goal previously avoided. Implications of avoidance-approach conflict are discussed. (Author/BEF)

Reviews recent progress in modeling human cognition, in particular the use of computers in generating models. Topics covered include the information processing approach to cognition, problem solving, semantic memory, pattern induction, and learning and cognitive development. A 164-item reference list is attached. (JL)