A review of research points out manifestations of learning disabilities in adolescents (including low levels of basic skill levels, test-taking and study skill deficiencies, and problem solving strategies) and concludes with suggestions about counseling and instruction emphasizing learning strategy intervention. (CL)

Piaget's theoretical contributions to the study of children's play are described. The Piagetian notions of play as representing pure assimilation and as serving a consolidative function are examined. Contemporary research in which these and other Piagetian premises have been studied empirically is reviewed. (Author)

Two stages of skill development are: declarative (facts are interpreted) and procedural (knowledge is embodied in skill procedures). Knowledge compilation moves skills from the declarative to procedural stage in subprocesses of composition, which collapses sequences of productions into single productions, and proceduralization, which embeds…

Examines how children develop as writers and presents new ways of looking at children's problem solving in what they do and say during the writing process. Presents an outline of the general orders of child focus in the writing process. (HTH)

Describes experiments in the Soviet Union intended to develop scholastic activities which encourage young children to develop their motivation for cognitive learning. All experiments were based on the problem-solving approach. (DB)

Presents a survival expert's model of survival. Characterizes survival in terms of being prepared for a crisis, escaping the immediate threat, avoiding disorientation and fear, and the survival routine, which includes hope, flexibility, and humor. Notes the impact of posttrauma situations and the need for continued vigilance. (RJM)

This study describes how 55 clients from a career center at a large, southeastern university anticipated using computer-assisted career guidance (CACG) systems to help in their career decision making and problem solving. Responses to a cued and a free response survey indicated that clients' most frequent anticipations included increased career…

Tests an adaptation to case-based learning that facilitates abstracting problem-solving schemas from examples and using them to solve further problems: analogical encoding, or learning by drawing a comparison across examples. In 3 studies, the authors examined schema abstraction and transfer among novices learning negotiation strategies. (Contains…

Examines interpersonal problem solving, relationship conflict, and social support among women with and without eating disorders. Contrary to predictions, groups did not differ on relationship conflict and social support measures. As hypothesized, disordered eating symptoms were associated with less effective problem solving in eating and weight…

Reviews recent research on retention that is demonstrated without conscious recollection, such as the ability to tie shoelaces or drive a car. Suggests that future research in this field may have implications for such educational issues as the transfer of training and the carryover of abstract classroom learning to problems in other contexts. (EVL)

Reviews evidence on development of competence in decision making during adolescence focusing on cognitive aspects. Discusses indicators of competence: choice, comprehension, creativity, compromise, consequentiality, correctness, credibility, consistency, and commitment. Evidence suggests that many adolescents show reliable level of competence in…

Describes investigation examining relationship of problem-solving appraisal to health complaints and health-related expectancies among undergraduates. Suggests that self-appraised effective problem solvers reported fewer physical symptoms and fewer health problems and had greater internal and lower chance expectancies for health outcomes than…

Reviews research on consultative problem solving. Contends that, although there is general support for effectiveness of consultation in resolving problems and in improving consultees' skills for solving future problems, there is need for additional methods to facilitate the process. Suggests direct training of consultees in behavior management,…

Investigates a theoretical model of adolescent stress and coping using path analysis, with social support and social problem solving proposed as moderators. Results indicate that the effects of stressful events on adjustment were mediated by coping resources, which included a combination of problem-solving abilities and social support. Concludes…

Examines the problem of assessing group process in a collaborative problem-solving situation. Results reveal that groups engaging in behaviors that facilitated collaboration obtained higher group and individual accuracy scores on a challenging problem set. Proposes that examining collaborative group process and outcomes offers a new direction in…