Proposes a model of critical thinking in science with affective (dispositions), cognitive (knowledge, basic skills, and higher order skills), and behavioral (contextualized or generalized behaviors) components. Describes the links and mutual influences between the environment and these components. Emphasizes the role of affectivity in the…

The history of case-making for foreign language (FL) study in high schools and colleges in the United States is surveyed. The cognitive development case, which historically adhered to a faculty theory of psychology, emphasized the applicability of FL study as mental discipline. Though this notion has been in decline, educators are now looking…

This work includes a discussion of multicultural education and a bibliography of nearly 1000 curriculum guides and supplementary and instructional aids designed for multicultural instruction at the elementary and secondary levels. First, various definitions of multicultural education are examined and common elements of the definitions are…

Points out how the theories advanced during the 1930s by Russian psychologist L. S. Vygotsky can provide insights to western educational psychologists as they seek to understand child development and, particularly, as they devise ways of working with socially disadvantaged and mentally retarded children. (DB)

New knowledge is made meaningful by relating it to prior knowledge. Although meaningfulness usually relates new knowledge to prior superordinate knowledge, arbitrarily meaningful knowledge, coordinate, subordinate, and analogic ideas, experiential knowledge, and cognitive strategy also facilitate learning. Optimization of prior knowledge is done…

Stresses that values and moral education can be compatible with content-oriented social studies instruction. Explains how teachers of junior and senior high school students can assist students to use problem-solving and decision-making processes to make rational decisions, clarify values, and understand content. (Author/DB)

Discusses relevance and its role in evaluating the effectiveness of information retrieval. Highlights include an information retrieval interaction model; a review of research; evaluation and measurement, including recall and precision and utility and user satisfaction; judges and judgment conditions; user criteria; decision making; and cognitive…

The document presents exercises, documentation, and summaries from the second assessment of music by the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). Objectives were to test 9-, 13-, and 17-year-old students' ability to value music as an important realm of human experience, to identify the elements and expressive controls of music, and to…

Responses of 155 state language supervisors, local education agency representatives, leaders of foreign language associations, and others to a questionnaire regarding states' development or adoption of guidelines to improve articulation or proficiency standards revealed that most states are engaged in devising or have devised some sort of…

Clients often enter vocational counseling with ideas about the career-development process that hinder their decision-making ability. Identifies some common irrational ideas and cites client statements that indicate adherence to these myths. Proposes a cognitive approach to assist counselors in confronting such myths. (Author)

Analysis of the process of educational television evaluation focuses on the Programme Evaluation Analysis Computer (PEAC) system. Highlights include affects of evaluation on learning; internal and external validity; variables in the evaluation model; formative evaluation; cognitive and affective objectives; and differences between general…

This article illustrates the theoretical and empirical basis of cognitive strategy instruction and compares this basis to major principles of constructivism. Illustrations of self-instructional and other cognitive strategy instruction models are presented in the areas of reading comprehension, written language, and memory. Maintenance,…

Three categories of dependent variables used in classroom research were defined: (1) academic--behavior related to a specific academic area, achievement, or test performance; (2) deportmental--behavior related to classroom conduct, such as paying attention to teacher, whispering, and following instructions; and (3) other--including thumbsucking,…

Overviews the teaching of languages, particularly English, over a long time span. For centuries, the creative process of language learning, as opposed to the formalized pattern of language teaching, was largely ignored. It is suggested that there is nothing doctrinal about teaching methods, language learning will never be an exact science, and…

Well-known questioning strategies, built on question classification systems, are examined. Types of question classification systems are identified as: "hierarchical," which are sequential and cumulative; "non-hierarchical," which are based on elements which should not be rank ordered; systems which are "context-bound" to specifics; and…