This paper identifies and describes four braille production systems that are currently in use: (1) manual--the printed material is transcribed onto braille, proof-read, corrected, and printed; (2) semi-automated--computers or microprocessors transcribe and/or translate the text from ink-print to braille but depend on a manual entry of the text to…

The development of computer technology is considered, the concept of computer literacy is defined, and the role of teachers in educational microcomputer programs is discussed. The field of commercially produced software for microcomputers is reviewed. (For related articles, see EC 142 959-962.) (Author)

Research criteria are established for computer networks and ten areas of research are identified and briefly described. (RAA)

A key challenge of effective teaching is assessing and monitoring the extent to which students have assimilated the material they were taught. Concept mapping is a methodology designed to model what students have learned. In effect, it seeks to produce graphical representations (called concept maps) of the concepts that are important to a given…

The relationship between meaning and vocabulary in four professions--anthropology, linguistics, psychology, and computer science--is examined. Current relational theories within each profession are compared with respect to goals, methodologies, and proposed relations. Certain core relations appear in each discipline, and these are tabulated and…

Reviews existing studies of the invisible college phenomenon and considers the implications for information transfer among researchers, particularly within the social sciences. The likely impact of developments in communications technology on interpersonal networks is discussed and a number of areas for further investigation are proposed.…

Reviews the basic concepts and technology behind the functions computers perform, describes the miniaturization of computer components, discusses the development of the microprocessor and the microcomputer, and makes projections concerning the future of the microcomputer market. Information is provided on the features, costs, and manufacturers of…

Discussion of the relationship between the academic computing community and the practitioner community focuses on the possible separation of software engineering as a distinct discipline from computer science. Relationships between the content of software engineering and the content of computing are examined, and implications for computer science…

Persistent conceptual bugs exist in how novices, from primary school to college age, program and understand programs. These bugs are not specific to a given programming language but appear to be language-independent. The three different classes of bugs are: (1) parallelism, the assumption that different lines in a program can be active at the same…

Describes computerized conferencing comparing selected characteristics to those of other group communication media. Results of field trials and laboratory experiments are offered to demonstrate positive comparisons to audio and visual conferences. (JMF)

Discussess the state of the art in computer science education for elementary and secondary students. Includes (1) teacher preparation, (2) hardware, and (3) software. (CH)

Defines "Videotex," explains how it is used in Great Britain, and outlines its advantages and disadvantages for journalists. (FL)

Examines design functions of present file organizations in the context of available data storage devices and identifies current developmental trends. (Author/RAA)

Offers an overview of issues pertaining to societal readiness to cope with the information explosion. The need for computer literacy, an examination of computers in education, and the role of the National Science Foundation in computer literacy programs are discussed. (MER)

Reviews the use of computers in Great Britain's educational system, and discusses the development of computer science education, computer assisted instruction, standardization of software and hardware, computer awareness, computers in school administration and teacher training, and future trends for educational computing. (RAO)