Evaluates the current state of research on motivation of behavior as a response to proffered rewards. Most research has evaluated behavior in academic classrooms or laboratory problem-solving groups and has focused on a choice between (1) cooperation where everyone receives a similar reward when a performance standard has been met, and (2)…

Discussion of instructional systems development (ISD) focuses on recent developments in cognitive task analysis and describes the Integrated Task Analysis Model, a framework for integrating cognitive and behavioral task analysis methods within the ISD model. Three components of expertise are analyzed: skills, knowledge, and mental models. (96…

Mental abilities can be analyzed at four levels: composite tasks, subtasks, components, and metacomponents. Each level of analysis reveals something about the structure and content of mental abilities responsible for intelligent performance. (Author/WI)