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Exploring Item Characteristics That Are Related to the Difficulty of TOEFL Dialogue Items. Research Reports. RR-79. RR-04-11

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Kostin, Irene – Educational Testing Service, 2004

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between a set of item characteristics and the difficulty of TOEFL[R] dialogue items. Identifying characteristics that are related to item difficulty has the potential to improve the efficiency of the item-writing process The study employed 365 TOEFL dialogue items, which were coded on 49…

Descriptors: Statistical Analysis, Difficulty Level, Language Tests, English (Second Language)

DIFAS: Differential Item Functioning Analysis System. Computer Program Exchange

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Penfield, Randall D. – Applied Psychological Measurement, 2005

Differential item functioning (DIF) is an important consideration in assessing the validity of test scores (Camilli & Shepard, 1994). A variety of statistical procedures have been developed to assess DIF in tests of dichotomous (Hills, 1989; Millsap & Everson, 1993) and polytomous (Penfield & Lam, 2000; Potenza & Dorans, 1995) items. Some of these…

Descriptors: Test Bias, Item Analysis, Psychological Studies, Evaluation Methods